24 MARCH 2011

This is the real speaking test ! haha..

HAHA there is actually want to cover my nervous. :)

My group turn is at 10.30 a.m.

Now, here I am.in the room and sit to have a test. Our question is about concept of 1 Malaysia. The benefit of it. As candidate B, I need to elaborate the point, which is gives a sense of belonging. Gives a sense of belonging means that all races are equal and have the right to stay in Malaysia. During the test, i feel nervous and having a stammer problem. Whatever result that  get, I just accept because I do my best ! (^_^)

~While waiting for our turn~

22 MARCH 2011

Today, Miss Zu explaining us about speaking test. She show us how mark will be given during the speaking test and some phrases that we can use for it. The speaking test is by group and individual. My group as usual consisting Iffah, Zyra, Khalis and me.


Unfortunately, we was pick by Miss Zu to be a model for the speaking test. Hehehe.. The tasks that we got is about suggestion on how to overcome social problems caused by the misuse of mobile phones among school students.


On individual task, my suggestion is parents and the school authorities should educate school students on the responsible use of their mobile phones. I must support my opinion to get mark. I think, parents no need buy mobile phone for school children because it can make them engrossed with any item that have on the mobile phone such as game, facebook, text and etc. 


On group task, we need to discuss which of the following suggestions would be the most effective way to overcome the problem. The suggestion are :
>>Parents should supervise their children's use of their mobile phones.
>>The school authorities should enforce stricter rules on the use of mobile phones among school students.
>>Parents and the school authorities should educate school students on the responsible use of their mobile phones.
>>The government should ban the use of mobile phones among school students.

17 MARCH 2011

We do not have class today. Our class being cancel due to talk delivered by  Pegawai from Pusat i-Learn Bahagian Hal Ehwal Akademik. According to this talk, I got some information that can be share here.


What is i-Learn System ?
*i-Learn is a learning management system for e-learning in UiTM. Relevant to today's technology advancement, i-Learn system acts as a platform that supports the teaching and learning process in UiTM. i-Learn system is developed using Open Source Software which involves PHP progamming languages and MySQL as database. Such programs are considered to be among the most users friendly programs that will make surfing and using the facilities provided to be effortless and easy.

i-Learn BACKGROUND
*This centre was established on the 1st of December 2005 under the Academic Affairs Division (HEA) of UiTM. The main objective is to administer and organise all e-learning activities in UiTM. The centre officially launched UiTM official portal for e-learning (i-Learn V1.0) on 30th December 2005. The launching was officiated by the Vice Chancellor of UiTM.

i-Learn NAME
*i-Learn Centre (i-LeC)
>> i-Learn is the official name for UiTM's learning system


i-Learn PHILOSOPHY
*The belief in the potential of information and communication technology in enhancing the process of teaching and learning.


i-Learn VISION
*To make UiTM a premier university of outstanding scholarship and academic excellence through e-learning.


i-Learn MISSION
*To enhance the quality of professionalism of UiTM academic staff through e-learning.

i-Learn MOTTO
" Knowledge Sharing @ a click "

When we want to access i-Learn, we need have an ID number and password to log in.
http://istudent.uitm.edu.my

15 MARCH 2011

MORNING

This morning we do a listening test. Just trial and preparation for the real test on 19 MARCH 2011, Saturday.

Then, we do trial test for information transfer for test tonight !

NIGHT

We have a test about one and a half hour at LT2.

10 MARCH 2011

Today is a presentation about information transfer from non liner to linear text.

Miss Zu said that our group does not use suitable word.

08 MARCH 2011

MORNING
We have learned about transformation transfer today from non linear to linear text.

Tips on how to do transformation transfer.
>> Spend 5 minutes reading the graphs/ charts etc.
>> Make sure you understand axes.
>> Make sure you follow the line of graph.
>> Focus on the key information.
>> If two graphs-compare
>> Think about the time period-tenses
>> Vary your vocabulary.
>> Organize information clearly.
>> Write neatly.

Formula to write information transfer.
>> Title
>> Overview ( first paragraph )
>> Controlling idea and key features ( third and fourth paragraph )
>> Prediction and proposal ( last paragraph )

Example ::

How University Student Manage Stress

       The pie chart shows the percentage of how students spend their time after classes by doing  indoor activities, socializing, studying, going for movies and outdoor activities. (Overview)

          From the information given, we can see that the highest percentage would be indoor activities which is 35% such as playing computer and board game because students feel tired during their lecture then they prefer to have a rest after classes. Whereas, the lowest percentage is going for movies and outdoor activities which  represents 10%  due to lack energy in doing outdoor games such as exercising and financial problem to going for movies. (CIKFs 1)

          On the other hand, the gap between second and third highest is 5% which represents 25% of socializing and 20% of studying. This is due to students more attracted to have a chatting online to reduce their stress rather than doing assignment that can make them stress. (CIKFs 2)

         Probably, the percentage of socializing will increase in the future because nowadays students more prefer to spend their time with friends. As a result, university should provide more facilities for the students such as improve the wireless services and increase the number of public transportation. (P1P2)

NIGHT 

We do a reading comprehension about HINI. Miss Zu gives us about 40 minutes to do this tasks and then we discuss it. I just got 7 marks out of 10. Thaks to God ^_^

We can go back home early than usual today ! because we just do a comprehension..

no activity for today ! =)

03 MARCH 2011

Today is Thursday. So, we proceed to the presentation about introductive paragraph as I mention before :)

This is the result for what we had learn about introductive paragraph last Tuesday.

PERSONAL EXAMPLES

     Almost every night, she would go “clubbing“at the nightspots in Jalan Bukit Bintang and Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur's golden triangle, looking for fun and "extra cash". With her black skin-tight miniskirts with a revealing top, she easily draws attention from the males as soon as she walks into any of these nightspots. The 21 years-old girl, Amy comes from a state in the east coast of West Malaysia. She started as a sales promoter at a shopping centre in the city, but her monthly salary of RM800 is hardly enough for her to survive in KL. To make matters worse, she has to send home approximately RM200 a month for her parents and 5 siblings who are still schooling. It is hard for her since the burden of the family is at her hand. Her family is depending on her ( The hook ). Amy now lives in a dark situation where she is happy outside not in inside ( The transition ). There are factors that can cause someone to become a prostitute such as lack of attention from the parents, money problem and negative peers influence ( Thesis statement ).

QUOTATIONS 

     “Vandalism comes naturally from our soul.” These words come from a teenage boy and his friends who lax in drawing graffiti on the wall of a building. Teenage boys said that this work is a piece of art where they often did this to express their feelings or thoughts about certain things in our life. Furthermore, he said that they also draw the graffiti whenever they feel like doing it. This type of vandalism also does not only involve teenagers but also adults ( The hook ).  However, these teens do not know that they have vandalized the image of the building as well as the environment ( The transition ). Vandalism can be prevented if the government creates a law that severely restricts vandals in destroying the environment, giving motivational talk as well as giving punishment by doing community service ( Thesis statement )

FACTS AND STATISTICS

     Prior to the 1980’s, predatory animals were rare sights in rural areas in Malaysia. Even in wilderness areas, bears, tigers, and other predatory animals were rarely being spotted.  As far as this concern, people that were attacks with these kinds of animals are not always the friendly animals.  Between 1989 and 1995 there have been 14 tigers attack peoples.  In one attack, a rubber tapper was killed in his rubber farm near Negeri Sembilan.  Attacks by bears and alligators are also increasing during this period of year ( The hook ). This statistics shows that there is an increasing of wild animal attacks ( The transition ).. The reasons why these animal attacks peoples are because there are hungry, feel threatened and try to protect their young ( The thesis statement ).

RHETORICAL QUESTION

     Racism is one of the world’s major issues today. Do you aware of how much racism still exists in our school, work forces, and anywhere social lives? Racism very much exists and it is about time that people need to start thinking about the solutions to this matter. Can we achieve One Malaysia’s mission with this kind of mind set? Think about it (The hook ). Many people believe that it depends on if a person was brought into the world as a racist or not but that is not the case at all. In fact, an individual cannot be born a racist but only learn to become one asthey grow from child to adulthood ( The transition ). Basic causes, mainstream, institutions, government, anti racism group, and even some hidden event in Malaysia’s past or a few of the possible solutions to racism ( The thesis statement ).

CURRENT EVENTS

     According to New Straits Times, the latest case was a dead baby girl found floating in a sewage tank behind a girls' college hostel in remote Kelantan two days ago. The decomposed body was found by a group of boys playing nearby. Two more abandoned baby cases were reported that day in Malacca and Kuala Lumpur ( The hook ). This situation can be caused by many factors which surround us ( The transition ). Thus, baby dumping is caused by negative social relationship, peer pressure, modern technology and lack of knowledge in individual self. ( The thesis statement )

CONTRAST TO THE THESIS STATEMEN

     Have you heard that being skinny is the ‘it’ thing. Across the globe, teenagers are starving themselves to be skinny. The models force themselves to be skinny and look great. They will do anything such as taking pills and drugs so that they will not gain any weight. Why is this so? Well look around you, the media feeds us constant image of skinny public figure, portraying the fact that being skinny is beautiful. To be fat is a sin ( The hook ). But is it worth to taking pills and drugs in order to maintain your beautiful figure. Is this an appropriate diet technique?  Absolutely not ( The transition ). As a matter of fact, the major impact of engaging in extreme diet is nutrition deficiency, diseases and mental problems ( The thesis statement ).

DEFINITION

Streptococcus pneumonia, or pneumococcal is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults, children, and dogs, and is one of the top two isolates found in ear infection. It is more common in the very young and the very old person. It can also be distinguished based on its sensitivity to lysis by bile. The bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia is a common cause of secondary pneumonia following influenza. The risk of death from pneumonia or influenza is higher for people with heart disease, diabetes, or weakened immune systems such as from HIV ( The hook ). Nowadays, this infection was spread up towards the world ( The transition ). According to this infection, it can cause distress as they need more money for the treatment, being embarrassment to the other person and reducing their self-esteem ( The thesis statement ).

*Introductive paragraph of introduction is prepared by my group ^_^

01 MARCH 2011

MORNING
We learn about introductive paragraph.

What is the purpose of introductive paragraph ??
~ Get the reader's attention.
~ Set tone for the rest of the essay.
~ Make a contract with the reader - what will be covered in this piece ?

The part of introductive paragraph ::
~The hook - Designed to grab attention immediately and give some indication about the essay's topic.
~The transition - Moves the reader from the hook to the driving force of the essay.
~The thesis - Makes the contract with the reader about what will be discussed without a blatant announcement.

Type of introductive essay ::
~Personal examples >> provides strong, dramatic incident to use. Honesty in expressing thoughts and feelings will ring true with the reader. While, you can make up the personal experience, be careful that it sounds credible.

~Quotations >> does not have to be form a famous person.
>> must be relevant to the thesis statement.
>> content of quota should be - Dramatic
                                              -  Emotionally appealing
                                              - Surprising
                                              - Humorous

~Facts or statistics >> must be startling or unsual.
>> must be form a credible source.
>> use journal as a place to record both quotes and facts or statistics that might work for an introduction.

~Rhetorical questions

~Cuurent events >> must be recent
>> must be important
>> should be made public by newspapers, television or radio

~Contrast to the thesis statement >> in direct contrast to the thesis statement.
>> It is fun to prove an expert wrong.

~Definition

*Miss Zu ask us to do an introductive paragraph in group and present it on Thursday. ^_^

NIGHT 

We continue learn part of reading that is making inferences and prediction.

What is making inferences ??

An inference is a logical conclusion based on what has been stated in the text. Information which is provided must be analysed in order for you to understand what is not directly  stated or hidden between the lines. In order to infer, you need to use your experience, knowledge, common sense and power of reasoning to draw logical conclusion. 

eg :: Mrs Lim said that her executives have improved in their report writing.

Inferences :

1. The executives are now able to effectively organise their ideas in writing.

2. The executives are now able to appropriately selects words to convey their ideas.

What is making  predictions ??

Predicting is an important reading skill as it will enable you to enhance your understanding of the text by anticipating what will happen next. Predicting can be done by using what you know about the text, plot, setting, characters, issues and relating them to your own knowledge to figure out possible outcomes.

eg :: Nadrah has been given the responsibility of heading a multi-million dollar project.

Predictions :

1. She may be promoted soon.

2. With the success of this project, she may be assigned to had other big projects.

As usual, at the end of class, Miss Zu will do some activities that related to what we learn just now. 

First activitiy is find who is the murderer ??

This activity force us to make noise in the class because we need to move around the class to get the answer.

The rules is ::

~Miss Zu give everyone in the class with a card.
~Then, the information that do not inform in the card is the murdere


Next is watching a clip video. 

~We need to watch the Bruno Mars, Grenade's clip video.
~Miss Zu will stop the video at a certain time.
~Then, she ask us to predict what will happen next.

Say thank you to Miss Zu because give us enjoyable and fun activities, ^_^

24 FEBRUARY 2011

Now, we continue with 2 group that will present about part of speech.

The first group is Amalina, Alissa and Fazilah. The topic they presented was verb.

Function of verb ::

~ to describe an action or a state.

Form of verb ::

ACTION VERB ( express what someone or something does )

~Verb can classified into ::

 *regular - end with '-ed' when the past tense and past participle forms are used

eg >>> walk, walked, walked

 *irregular - end in other ways when the past tense and past participle forms are used

eg >>> read, read, read

NON-ACTION VERB ( do not express any action )

~can be categorised into ::

*be verb - usually comes immediately after the subject in statements ( am, is, are, was, were, been, being )

*linking verb - used to link a subject of a sentence with more information about the subject.

- linking verb can be divided into three group of expression :

1. feeling and thought  ( appear, believe, know, understand )

2. possession ( own, owe, have )

3. sensory perception ( feel, hear, look ,see, smell, taste )

eg >>> I know the lady who work at the checkout counter. 

AUXILIARY VERB ( support and give meaning to the main verb )

~function ::

*to express ability - can, could 

eg >>> Puan Maimunah can cook curry chicken very well

*to express possibility - may, might

eg >>> The price of cooking oil may increase next month

*to express permission - may, can

eg >>> We can conduct the aerobic class at the multipurpose hall

*to express advice - should, ought to, better

eg >>> You have been coughing all week. you had better consult a doctor.

*to express necessity - must, have to

eg >>> Do not be workaholic. You have to spent some time with your family.

Next is my group. My group is present about adjectives. 

Function >>

:: to describe a nouns.

ADJECTIVE BEFORE NOUNS 

:: adjective describe a noun

eg } Mark went to an expensive restaurant for dinner. ( expensive is an adjective, restaurant is noun  )

ADJECTIVE PAIRS

:: adjectives ending in -ing, describe a situation or a thing

eg } Malaysia Fest attracted many tourists. The events were exciting.

::adjectives ending in-ed, describe how a persons feels

eg } Sally was excited to receive so many presents on her birthday. 

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

:: used when one noun is compared to another noun

:: can be form in 2 ways >>

• adding -er to an adjectives (older, younger, taller )
• adding more in front of an adjectives ( more expensive, more beautiful )

*note - DO NOT use -er and more together

eg } Liza's watch is more cheaper than mine.

    } Liza's watch is cheaper than mine.

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

:: used to compare three or more nouns

:: can be form in 2 ways >>

• adding -est to an adjectives ( longest, eldest, biggest )
• adding most in front of an adjectives ( most intelligent, most loving, most expensive )

*note - DO NOT use -est and most together

eg } Liza's watch is the most cheapest

    } Liza's watch is the cheapest

Before we finished the class, Miss Zu give us a task. We need to create a poem based on our friend's name. Oh my God ! An accounting student have to create a poem ?? haha..such a worst thing..I do not know what will happen to the poem. Maybe its full with numbers and accounting formula..Just wait and see..hehe..As usual, my partner is Iffah. I must work hard towards her name because her name is too long..=='..Almost a week I try to find and create a poem for her name and the result is ::

S - Sparkling personality

Y - Young, so full of zest

A - For her affection, its warm as sun

R - Resoureceful, clever abd bright

I - Interest, you show others

F - As funy as a balloon

A - Affirm, the certainty of knowledge

H - Hospitable with other person

I - Intelligent, so bright and witty

F - Feeling, Your symphatatic way

F - Fabulous

A - Agreeable, the best side of you

H - Helpful, an excellent character

F - Friendly, just the way you are

A - Accomplished, in all that you do

T - Terrific, simply the best

I - Ideas, that bring you to life

N - Nice, warm and loving

A - Adorable, joy to know

H - Happy, your wonderful laugh

What do you think ?? hehe..Thanks God because it never contain numbers and accounting formula =)

I hope Iffah will accept what I hade done on her name..

^_^

22 FEBRUARY 2011

MORNING

Today, we are going to do listening.

As students, we will have to listen to lectures in class and this can be done through effective listening. 

Effective listening is built on four basic aspects >> attitude

                                                                     >> attention

                                                                     >> comprehension

                                                                     >> evaluation

Besides these basic aspects, there are some general tips that can make listening not only effective but also meaningful. As student, you should ::

• Identify the purpose of listening. Try to distinguish between useful information and that which is not.
• Not look at the surface meaning of what is being said. Rather, you should look for feelings or the real intention of the speaker. This can be done through familiarising yourself with real spoken language such as the use of  in complete sentences, slang, repetitions and others.
• Try to guess the meanings of words which are not familiar to you by focusing on the context in which they appear.
• Understand that in real life, most of what you listen to is not repeated. In such cases, you are advised to just get the gist of the information and grasp the main ideas presented.
• Listen for details or specific information when you listen for the second time to any repeated information such as announcements.
• Refrain from immediately responding or answering question. Listen to everything that is being said without unnecessary interruptions.

We have 2 listening skill ::

1. Listening for main ideas- find out the general idea or the gist of a listening material

2.Listening for specific information- this requires us to listen for specific details related to certain incidents, situations or activities.

At the end of class, Miss Zu provide us with a game. "GUESS WHAT ?". In a group, consists of 4 members. One will be a guesser and the rest will give the main ideas or keyword based on the picture that given by Miss Zu.

NIGHT 

At night, we doing the reading part, that is distinguish fact from opinion

A FACT 

A fact is ::

= objective information that can be checked or proved to be true

= information that does not change

= not a statement about the future

Clues to identify fact ::

*the use of dates and year 

eg >> Walt Disney was born on 5th December 1901, and died on 15th December 1966.

*the use of  statistics/ figures/ precise numbers or quantities

eg >> Since Edmund Allary and Tenzing Norgay reached the summit of Mount Everest in 1953 more than 1000 climbers from 20 countries have also conquered the 8848 metre mountain.

*the use of definition

eg >> Adolescence can be defined as the stage in a person's life when one develops from a child  into an adult.

*when stating a geographical or scientific fact

eg >> The earth is round.

AN OPINION

An opinion is ::

= is a statement  that cannot be proved to be true or false.

= is one's personal belief , idea or feeling about a subject.

= can be a statement about the future.

Clues to identify opinions ::

*the use of adjectives which show your point of view or emotions ( exciting, fun, excellent, worst, ugly, pretty ) 

eg >> The climb up Gunung Ledang was exciting.

*the use of comparison words which show a comparison between two or more things (more, most, better, best, worst, least )

eg >> Siti Nurhaliza is the most talented singer in Malaysia.

*the use of other words which show frequency, possibility, advisability and necessity ( probably, likely, perhaps, may, should, must, always )

eg >> Sheela is probably still angry with her boyfriend for not remembering her birthday.

* the use of phrases which show a belief, a suggestion, a feeling or an opinion (it appears that, in my opinion, I believe, I suggest, I feel, I think )

eg >> It appears that, Jasmin and Ayu are both interested in the same.

Next, we do some activities. Miss Zu ask us to get in a form of group consisting of 5 members. Then, we were given a stuff. Different group get different stuff. My group get a pack of pen. What we gonna do is, we must became a promoter to promote that pen. The advertisement that we will use must contain fact and opinion. While a group promote their product, the rest will guess how many fact and opinion that have been used by the group. 

That's all for today ^_^

                                                                      

                                                                      

17 FEBRUARY 2011

 Today is the presentation of grammar from third group in topic PREPOSITION. This topic was presented by Dalila, Marini and Jo.

Definition :
%Preposition are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence.

%Most often they come before a noun.

  e.g : after class,before Tuesday.

Simple preposition :

* Is single word preposition..

*Preposition of time : 

         > on (days of the week)
     eg :: on Monday
> in (month/season, time of day, year)
     eg :: in August/in winter, in the morning, in 2011
> since [from a certain point of time (past till now)]
     eg :: since 1992
> to (telling the time)
     eg :: ten to six (5.50)
> ago (a certain time in the past)
     eg :: 2 years ago
> before (earlier than a certain point of time)
     eg :: before 2012
> past (telling the time)
     eg :: ten past six (6.10)
> to/till/until (marking the begining and end of a period of time)
     eg :: from Monday to/till Friday
> by (in the sense of at the latest, up to a cretain time)
     eg :: I will be back by 6 pm

                  

*Preposition of place :

          > in (room,building, street/book paper)
     eg :: in the kitchen,in the picture/in the book
> at (meaning next to, by an object/for events/place where you are to do something typical)
     eg :: at the door / at the concert / at the cinema
> on (attached/being on surface/for a certain side)
     eg :: the picture on the wall / on the table / on the wall
> under (on the ground, lower than / covered by something else)
     eg :: the bag is under the table 
> above (higher then something else, but not directly over it)
     eg :: a path above the lake
> into (enter a room / building)
     eg :: go into the kitchen
> towards (movement in the direction of something but not directly to it)
     eg :: go 5 steps toward the house  
> onto ( movement to the top of something)
     eg :: jump onto the table
> from (in the sense of where from)
     eg :: a flower from the garden


^There is another type of preposition, that is compound prepositions^
      - more than one word such as in between, because of, in front of, on behalf of.
      - this topic is not in our syllabus.

Next is presentation from Ika, Sal and Baini's group. They all present the topic of adverb.

Definiton :

  An adverb is used to add information to a clause  or another word.

Form of adverb :

<> Adverb of time ( now, soon, later, then )

       eg :: Syifa will be shifting to a new place soon.

<> Adverb of place ( out, up, there, everywhere )

     eg :: He went there to get a better look at the place.

<> Adverb of manner ( slowly, quickly, well, hard )

     eg :: Iffah quickly ran for shelter when it started rain.

<> Adverb of degree ( much, almost, quite, very )

     eg :: They are very happy when the singer appeared on stage

Thanks to both group for the information given. ^_^

  

10 & 15 FEBRUARY 2011

On 10 FEB - Majority of lecterer involve in meeting. So, no class for today.

On 15 FEB - That is public holiday for birthday of Prophet Muhammad 

^_^

08 FEBRUARY 2011

Today, Miss Zu ask us to acting the secene in P. Ramlee's movies that we like most. Our group choose Nasib Si Labu-Labi. The scene where somebody came to Haji Bakhil's house to collect donation for orphans and suddenly Haji Bakhil ill. I act as a Labu..so, funny..it just such worst thing..haha..BUT, what the suprise is another group choose our group as a best group and the best actress also a member from my group, Amalina. Congrats to her and thanks for another group for choosing our group :)..Thanks also to Miss Zu for do this activity. We are enjoyable !! :)

01 FEBRUARY & 03 FEBRUARY 2011

Now is CHINESE NEW YEAR HOLIDAY !

Lets go home ! ^_^

No class for the date above =)

27 JANUARY 2011

Today we learn about extended writing which is an essay more than 250 words. This essay must be more elaborate and more example.

WRITING PROCESS....

1. Pre-writing : the technique use is -

1. Brain-storming -brainstorm for an idea and point.
2. Mind-maping - generate and classify idea.
3. Free writing - pre-writing technique for a set period of time without regard to spelling and grammar.
4. Quick writing - involve creative and critical thinking.

2. Planning and organizing - essay outline to write a clear well-focused piece of with sensible ideas and meaningful.

3. Drafting - the process of writing down ideas, organizing them into a sequences, and providing the reader with a frame for understanding these ideas.

4. revising & editing - re-check the essay

5. conclusion - final essay

Extended writing must have :

1.Introduction - opening statement

                    - thesis statement.

     2. Controlling idea.

     3.Supporting detail. & example.

     4.Conclusion

Try to apply this on your writing =)

25 JANUARY 2011

I have MC for 3 days due to sprained ankles when I am playing a netball game. 


According to my friend, a grammar presentation was started today. First topic is PRONOUNS, presented by Aini, Zura and Jiha.

•A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like "he," "which," "none," and "you" to make your sentences less difficult and less repetitive.

•Types of pronouns:

ØPersonal pronouns

SUBJECTIVE  PERSONAL PRONOUNS

•To replace nouns as the subjects of sentences

•Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

OBJECTIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS

•To replace nouns as the objects of verbs and prepositions

•Object pronouns(me, you, her, him, it, us, them )

POSSESSIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS

•To replace nouns to show possession and defines who owns a particular object or person

•Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, theirs, ours) 

ØDemonstrative pronouns

•Demonstrative pronouns points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun.

•“This” and “These” refers to things that are nearby either in space or in time.

•“That” and “Those” refers to things that are farther away in space or time.

ØInterrogative pronouns

•To replace nouns used to ask questions.

•Interrogative pronouns (who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)

ØIndefinite pronouns

•Refers to an identifiable but not specified person or thing. 

•An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.

•The most common indefinite pronouns are (all, another, any, anybody, anyone,

anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none,

one, several, some, somebody, and someone).

ØRelative pronouns

•To replace nouns used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.

•"who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence

•"whom" and "whomever" to refer to the objects of a verb, a verbal or a preposition.

ØReflexive pronouns

•To replace nouns to replace an object which refers to the subject.

•The reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and

  themselves.

ØIntensive pronouns

•Intensive pronouns used to emphasise its antecedent.

•Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns.

Second topic is DETERMINERS. This topic was presented by Ila, Mira and Edlina. My friend said that this group provide a gift if somebody would be able to answer their question based on this topic. Such a great thing. =)

Determiners is - help to identify and used to show quantity.

                         - word like a, the, my, this, some etc,

vThere are 2 main groups of determiners :

Group A determiners

- Help to identify things. Examples are : 

Articles : a/an,the

Possessive : my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their, one’s, whose

Demonstratives : this, these, that, those

•Note that two Group A determiners cannot be put together. We can say the cat, my cat or this cat, but not  the my cat, or my this cat.

 Group B determiners

ØMost Group B determiners are quantifiers. Examples are :

  -  Some, any,no

  -  Each, every, either, neither

  -  Much, many, more, most ; a little, less, least; a few, fewer, fewest;

  -  enough, several

  -  All, both, half

  - What, whatever, which, whichever

  - One, two, three etc. 

During night class, they had learn on reading part. They had learn on how to skimming and scanning information from the text. 

SKIMMING - refers to the process of quickly identifying the main ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of its content.

SCANNING - reading skill used to find spesific information quickly.